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Document Type

Article

Abstract

For the optimization of refined castor biodiesel (RCB) and refined sesame biodiesel (RSB), the impacts of specified conditions such as catalyst types (NaOH and KOH), catalyst concentration (0.3–1.5 wt. %), speed (500–750 rpm), and time (20–60 min) were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the RCB and RSB were measured using the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) approved protocols for acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification; density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index value. Box–Behnken Design's Response Surface Methodology(RSM) was also used for optimization. The results for four optimization methods were catalyst concentration (0.300–0.435 wt. %), speed (500.000–643.242 rpm), and time (20.000–31.386 min). The yield ranged from 81.062 to 102.648 %, with a desirability range of 0.812 to 0.980 %. The projected RSB maximum yield while using KOH was 102.648 %, whereas the RCB maximum yields when using NaOH was 81.062 %, with a variance of 21.586 %. Under these reaction conditions, the optimal yield of RCB (81.062%) using the KOH catalyst was lower than that of RCB (92.017%) using the NaOH catalyst, with a variance of 10.955 %. ANOVA statistics revealed that catalysts were the most critical components in biodiesel optimization, based on expected biodiesel yields. These yields were higher when compared to ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 which required a range of 46–55 % in regular biodiesel production.

Keywords

biodiesel; catalyst; optimization; castor oil; sesame oil

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